Functional traits of graminoids in semi-arid steppes: a test of grazing histories

Functional traits of graminoids in semi-arid steppes: a test of grazing histories

PETER B. ADLER*, DANIEL G. MILCHUNAS†, WILLIAM K. LAUENROTH*†, OSVALDO E. SALA‡ and INGRID C. BURKE*† *Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; †Department of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; and ‡Department de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenu...

Variation in absorption and excretion of calcium in grazing sheep in a semi-arid grazing ranch, Punjab, Pakistan

The calcium status of lactating, non-lactating, and male sheep on farm in southwestern Punjab, Pakistan was studied. Pasture and animal were sampled at the end of the first month of summer and winter. All samplings were carried out fortnightly. A mineral supplement was available to all animals throughout the year. Plasma calcium in all animals was not affected by the physiologic state and gende...

Plant Species and Functional Types’ Diversity in Relation to Grazing in Arid and Semi-arid Rangelands, Khabr National Park, Iran

In arid and semi-arid rangelands, grazing as one of the natural or human induced processes has direct and indirect effects on structure and dynamics of plant community and ecosystems. A study was done to analyze the effects of grazing on plant species diversity and Plant Functional Types‘ (PFTs) diversity of arid and semi-arid rangelands. We analyzed plant richness and diversity data from 75 sa...

the effect of functional/notional approach on the proficiency level of efl learners and its evaluation through functional test

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

Mineral status of range plants for grazing ruminants in semi-arid areas of isfahan province